As said an elastic bungee is used for launch along with a mighty throw, before the bungee was used around 30 years ago we had to launch with just a throw which is an art in itself without dunking the boat. With the advent of the bungee gave more consistant launches but like every thing this pushed things to use narrower running surfaces, different angles, larger props & more difficult to use motors set ups. The boats are timed over 5 laps with 100 metres per lap so 500metres in total, after launching once the boat is running the competitor raises his arm when he wants the timing to begin & timing begines at the start of the next lap. Tether wire is piano wire, diameter depends on class of boat ie the smallest waterscew class is 3.5cc & has a weight limit of max 2.5lbs + wire diameter of .6mm or .024" (most competative boats in this class would weigh around 1.75lbs). Fuel used in Naviga class boats which are the fastest boats are not allowed to use nitro only 80% methanol & 20% castor oil. Propellers are nearly all home made cut from a single piece of high tensile steel. Classes in Naviga are B1 2.5cc airscrew, A1 3.5cc waterscrew, A2 7.5cc waterscrew & A3 10cc waterscrew, here in the UK we also have additional classes for homemade engines ie 15cc, 30cc, with a couple of flash steam classes. Seeing a flash steamer of around 16lbs circulating at 122mph is quite a sight ecspecially if its just after sunset & just starting to get dark with the entire boiler glowing ret hot including seeing the burners jets alight along with a long flame coming out of the rear of the boiler following the boat. Looks just like a jet fighter flame, the sound from the motor & boiler are incredible & you wouldnt believe you could get the revs out of a steam engine. Martin Hamilton.